Pengaruh Blokade terhadap Akses Pangan di Yaman: Analisis Kebijakan dan Dampaknya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57235/jclhr.v2i1.7831Keywords:
Akses Pangan, Blokade, Kebijakan Internasional, Krisis Kemanusiaan, YamanAbstract
Krisis pangan di Yaman merupakan salah satu krisis kemanusiaan terburuk di dunia yang terjadi dalam konteks konflik bersenjata berkepanjangan dan ketergantungan tinggi terhadap impor pangan. Sejak eskalasi konflik pada tahun 2015, kebijakan blokade laut dan udara yang diterapkan oleh koalisi militer telah memperburuk kerentanan pangan masyarakat sipil. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak kebijakan blokade laut dan udara terhadap akses pangan di Yaman sejak eskalasi konflik bersenjata pada tahun 2015, dengan menempatkan blokade sebagai instrumen kebijakan yang berimplikasi langsung terhadap krisis kemanusiaan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur dengan teknik analisis tematik terhadap artikel ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan internasional, serta laporan lembaga kemanusiaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan sistematis terhadap pelabuhan dan bandara utama, khususnya Pelabuhan Hodeida secara signifikan menghambat masuknya pangan dan komoditas esensial, memicu kelangkaan pasokan, lonjakan harga pangan, serta menurunnya daya beli masyarakat. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa krisis pangan di Yaman merupakan krisis buatan manusia (policy-driven crisis) yang berkaitan erat dengan lemahnya orientasi perlindungan warga sipil dalam kebijakan konflik, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi kebijakan internasional yang lebih berorientasi pada pemenuhan hak atas pangan dan penghormatan terhadap hukum humaniter internasional.
Downloads
References
Akande, D., & Gillard, E. C. (2019). Conflict-induced food insecurity and the war crime of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 10(2), 366–392. https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-01002002
Alles, L. (2017). Yemen’s man-made food security crisis. Oxfam.
Coppi, G. (2018). The humanitarian crisis in Yemen: Beyond the man-made disaster. International Peace Institute.
De Waal, A. (2017). Mass starvation: The history and future of famine. John Wiley & Sons.
DeSimone, M. (2021). Broken, beaten, and starved: Attacking water resources as objects indispensable to the survival of a civilian population in Yemen’s internal armed conflict. American University International Law Review, 36(2). 337-375.
Fadhli, M. F. (2023). Kegagalan kebijakan luar negeri pemerintah Yaman dalam mengatasi krisis pangan pada Arab Spring tahun 2011–2014 (Disertasi doktoral). Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Federspiel, F., & Ali, M. (2018). The cholera outbreak in Yemen: Lessons learned and way forward. BMC Public Health, 18(1), Article 1338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6227-6
Feierstein, G. M. (2019). Yemen: The 60-year war. Middle East Institute.
Fink, M. D. (2017). Naval blockade and the humanitarian crisis in Yemen. Netherlands International Law Review, 64(2), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40802-017-0092-3
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2021). Yemen food security response and resilience project. https://www.fao.org/environmental-social-safeguards/project-detail/yemen-food-security-response-and-resilience-project/en
Graham, L. (2021). Pathways to accountability for starvation crimes in Yemen. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 53(1), 401–430.
Heffes, E., & Kotlik, M. D. (2014). Special agreements as a means of enhancing compliance with IHL in non-international armed conflicts: An inquiry into the governing legal regime. International Review of the Red Cross, 96(895–896), 1195–1224.
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. (2023). Integrated food security phase classification: Yemen. https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/en/?country=YE
International Crisis Group. (2017). Instruments of pain: Conflict and famine in Yemen. https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/yemen/b052-instruments-pain-i-conflict-and-famine-yemen
Messer, E., & Cohen, M. J. (2015). Conflict, food insecurity, and globalization. In R. Paarlberg, J. L. Clapp, & M. J. Cohen (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of food, politics, and society (221–238). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.0028
Mundy, M. (2018). The strategies of the coalition in the Yemen war: Aerial bombardment and food war. World Peace Foundation.
Nugraha, F. A., Sari, D. S., & Mubarak, K. Z. (2022). Bantuan Kemanusiaan UNICEF terhadap Anak-Anak terdampak Kelaparan dan Malnutrisi dalam Konflik Yaman. TRANSBORDERS: International Relations Journal, 6(1), 32-49.
Poetra, A. D. (2021). Peran World Food Programme (WFP) dalam mengatasi krisis pangan di Yaman tahun 2015–2019 (Disertasi doktoral). Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Pratomo, W., Sapriya, S., Sundawa, D., & Fitriasari, S. (2025). Sariswara dalam dinamika budaya: Analisis nilai budaya dan karakter bangsa. SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 11(2), 292–304.
Putri, A. A., Zudin, N. N., Afifah, R. N., Salsabilah, N., & Karisma, L. (2024). Literature review: An analysis of the implementation of public service agency (BLU) towards SINTA-indexed public sector accountability. Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 22(3), 126–140.
Qirbi, N., & Ismail, S. A. (2017). Health system destruction: Another collateral damage of the war in Yemen. International Health, 9(2), 75–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihx002
Sowers, J., & Weinthal, E. (2021). Humanitarian challenges and the targeting of civilian infrastructure in the Yemen war. International Affairs, 97(1), 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa166
United Nations Security Council. (2018). Resolution 2417. United Nations.
Wahyuni, S. (2023). Analisis tematik dalam penelitian kualitatif kebijakan publik. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 11(2), 89–101.
World Food Programme. (2013). The state of food security and nutrition in Yemen: Comprehensive food security survey. World Food Programme.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
- Authors certify that the work reported here has not been published before and contains no materials the publication of which would violate any copyright or other personal or proprietary right of any person or entity.
- Authors dont transfer or license the copyright of publishing to HELIUM: Journal of Health Education Law Information and Humanities Research to publish the article in any media format, to share, to disseminate, to index, and to maximize the impact of the article in any databases.
- Authors hereby dont agree to transfer a copyright for publishing to HELIUM: Journal of Health Education Law Information and Humanitiesa Publisher of the manuscript.
- Authors reserve the following:
- all proprietary rights other than copyright such as patent rights;
- the right to use all or part of this article in future works of our own such as in books and lectures;
- use for presentation in a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
- use for internal training by author's company;
- distribution to colleagues for their research use;
- use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
- inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
- reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); and
- voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes, but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC BY-NC License.
