International Journal of Religion Education and Law
Journal title IJRAEL: International Journal of Religion Education and Law Initials IJRAEL Kontak 081322551635 Frequency 2 issues per year DOI Prefix 10.31763 by ISSN E-ISSN: 2964-2221 || P-ISSN: 2963-2471 Editor-in-chief T Heru Nurgiansah Publisher Rayyan Jurnal Citation Analysis Sinta 5 | Google Scholar | Garuda Indexed:
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Exploring the Relevance of Pandit Deen Dayal Ji's Educational Thoughts in the Contemporary Educational Landscape
This study explores the relevance of Pandit Deen Dayal Ji's educational thoughts in the contemporary educational landscape, focusing on his key principles of integral humanism and value-based education. The objectives are to analyse the historical context of his ideas, examine their application in modern educational settings, and identify challenges and opportunities in implementing these principles today. A comprehensive review method was employed, analysing literature from educational texts, scholarly articles, and case studies of institutions applying these principles. The findings reveal that while his thoughts are highly relevant, their application faces challenges due to changing societal values and educational priorities. However, opportunities exist to enhance the current educational system by incorporating his emphasis on holistic development and ethical education. The study suggests integrating these principles into curricula to foster a more inclusive and value-driven educational environment. This research contributes to understanding how traditional educational philosophies can be adapted to meet modern needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rajni Dwivedi, Vipin Kumar Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Developing Inter-faith Tolerance in Indonesia: A Literature Study on Challenges and Supporting Factors
Indonesia, as a multicultural country with religious diversity, considers tolerance essential for maintaining social harmony. This literature study aims to analyze the phenomenon of religious intolerance in Indonesia, identify its root causes, and examine the challenges and key factors that support efforts to build religious tolerance. Based on a literature synthesis, it was concluded that despite legal guaranties, intolerance is still prevalent, driven by exclusivist views, fanaticism, a lack of inclusive religious understanding, the role of social media, and religious education curricula that are not yet comprehensive. Several factors supporting efforts to build tolerance include the role of education, the role of community, and the role of family.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teresa Amarita Maia Kirana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Role of Chabacano Language in Shaping Cultural Identity Among Generation Z in Ternate, Cavite
Chabacano language is a cultural heritage of Ternate, Cavite. It is a creole language originated from Moluccas during the time of European colonization. This paper explores the role of Chabacano language in shaping cultural identity among Generation Z in Ternate. To answer this, the researcher utilized Descriptive design using semi-structured interview. The participants of this study were carefully selected using Purposive sampling with the following criteria: (1) the participant must be a native of Ternate, (2) the participant must be a Chabacano speaker, and (3) the participant must be a Generation Z student of Ternate. The data were gathered through Messenger and Gmail. For the data analysis, the researcher used Thematic Analysis and generated 5 major themes. The findings show that Generation Z in Ternate show great interest in preserving Chabacano language, they find this language a marker of their cultural identity. In addition, they also acknowledge the importance of Chabacano language in community gatherings such as family events, cultural and religious festivals. The researcher recommend that Millennials and Generation Z should receive regular Chabacano Language Preservation Program through seminars for them to preserve the language effectively. The researcher also recommends the utilization of Chabacano Research among local schools and college in Ternate.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Mark Astorga, Aulia Sholichah Iman Nurchotimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Role Conflict of Spiritual and Moral Values in Education, Specifically in the Context of Malaviya's Philosophy and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
This research examines the inclusion within educational contexts in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh of spiritual as well as moral values through the study of 81 participants from government, private and non-profit schools. The main toss were to examine the efficacy of values integration in the curriculum and to identify the conflict which emerge from implication of these values to a largely secular domain of Indian education system. Two hypotheses guided the research: First, spiritual and moral values integration in education improves educational outcomes, and second, confrontation of secular practices with spiritual values impairs educational work of values education. A mixed methods research design was employed in which a structured survey was used to collect quantitative data and in depth interviews were used to gain empirical insight. Analysis of results indicates that out of 75 percent, 75 percent of the respondents believe that values are well integrated into their curriculum and there is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) between values integration and academic performance. Nevertheless, 60% of participants indicated that secular educational practises clashed with the insertion of these values and reported that this clashed with students’ ethical development (β = -0.52, p < 0.05). The discussion explains the importance of sounding a cautionary note and a counter attracting cure of moralizing education not to the exclusion of academic rigor, but the other way around. The paper emphasizes the importance of resolving conflicts indicated among the identified ones for improving the effectiveness of values education overall. Lastly, if we truly want to create an educational environment that includes spiritual and moral values along with academic attainment in order to truly prepare our students to be responsible and ethical members of society, this has to be a reality. To achieve this goal, the study suggests such recommendations as imposed on curriculum development, teacher training, and community engagement to leverage such systemic changes that would consolidate effective integration of values in education. This research adds to the ongoing discussion about values and their place in education, specifically, ways in which the same values can lead to different outcomes for different students in holistic development
Copyright (c) 2026 SHRIKANT SINGH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Syādvāda and Artificial Intelligence: Exploring the Linkages
This paper delves into the potential synergies between Syādvāda, a core principle of Jain philosophy, and the ethical development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Syādvāda, rooted in the concept of Anekāntavāda, asserts that reality is complex and that any statement or decision is only conditionally true, depending on the context and perspective. This philosophy offers a valuable framework for addressing some of the most pressing ethical challenges in AI, such as bias, transparency, and inclusivity. By incorporating the principles of Syādvāda, AI systems can be designed to recognize the multifaceted nature of truth, thereby allowing for more nuanced and balanced decision-making processes. The application of Syādvāda in AI development encourages the consideration of multiple perspectives, which can help mitigate biases inherent in data and algorithms. This approach also enhances the transparency of AI systems by promoting explainability and the presentation of various possible outcomes or decisions, each grounded in different perspectives. Furthermore, Syādvāda supports the creation of more inclusive AI technologies that are sensitive to the diverse cultural, social, and ethical contexts in which they operate. By fostering a more context-aware and ethically robust approach to AI, Syādvāda provides a philosophical foundation that aligns technological advancement with the broader goal of human well-being. The integration of Syādvāda’s principles into AI development can lead to systems that are not only more effective but also more equitable, trustworthy, and adaptable to the complexities of the modern world. As AI continues to evolve and become increasingly integrated into all aspects of life, the insights of Syādvāda offer a path toward more responsible and ethically sound AI technologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ravindra Kumar Kushwaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Film Regulation and Convergence of Child Comedy Skits in Online Media Platforms: Implications on Nigerian Child's Rights ACT 2003
The digital revolution has fundamentally altered the intersection of traditional cinema and social media entertainment, creating a hybrid ecosystem where "Hollywood meets Silicon Valley." In Nigeria, this convergence has facilitated the meteoric rise of child comedy skits on decentralized platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram. However, this vibrant creative landscape often operates within a "culture of informality" and an ethically deficient "hustle culture" that bypasses established film narrative ethics and regulatory frameworks. Against this background, this study examined film regulation and the convergence of child comedy skits on online media platforms and interrogated the resulting implications for the Nigerian Child’s Rights Act (CRA) 2003. The study adopted a qualitative method, utilizing Textual Analysis to describe and interpret purposively selected child comedy skits and a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize statutory documents, scholarly articles, and legal instruments. Findings revealed a profound "regulatory asymmetry," where the high-frequency production enabled by Digital Generative Multimedia Tools (DGMTT) outpaces the monitoring capacity of centralized media authorities such as the National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB) and the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC). The study further identified a significant "legislative dissonance," as the CRA 2003 remains anchored in a pre-ubiquitous internet era and fails to specifically address modern digital threats, including online grooming, data privacy violations, and the exploitation of children for viral engagement. Additionally, the study noted that "digital gatekeepers," specifically parents and teachers, frequently lack the digital literacy required to safeguard child actors from cyber insecurity. The study concluded that while media convergence empowers the Nigerian child with performative agency and entrepreneurial opportunities, it simultaneously exposes them to a hazardous and unregulated digital lifeworld. The study recommended an urgent amendment of the Child’s Rights Act 2003 to incorporate specific provisions for online child safety, a collaborative synergy between Nigerian media regulators to establish a unified digital media policy, and the adoption of AI-enhanced monitoring tools to detect digital exploitation. The research uniquely contributes to knowledge by introducing a proactive communication and legal model to safeguard the psychosocial and moral development of children in Nigeria’s evolving science-driven audiovisual ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chioma Rosemary CHIME-NGANYA, Ben Odili OKANUME, Timothy Ekeledirichukwu ONYEJELEM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assistive Technologies and Academic Engagement: Evidence from Mainstream Inclusive Schools
The present study investigates the impact of assistive technologies (ATs) on academic engagement among students with disabilities in mainstream inclusive schools. Recognizing the increasing adoption of ATs as tools to enhance accessibility and participation, this research examines how these technologies influence behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement, alongside the role of institutional and pedagogical support. A quantitative descriptive–correlational design was employed, involving a sample of 35 students with diverse disabilities and five special subject teachers from inclusive schools in Kota. Data were collected using validated instruments, including an Assistive Technology Utilization Scale, a Student Academic Engagement Scale, and a Teacher Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis indicated moderate to high overall academic engagement, with cognitive engagement being the highest (M = 3.85). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between AT use and behavioural (r = .52, p < .01), cognitive (r = .58, p < .01), and emotional engagement (r = .46, p < .05). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated that students who regularly used ATs exhibited significantly higher engagement than those with limited use. Multiple regression analysis further identified AT use (β = .49, p < .01) and teacher training (β = .32, p < .05) as significant predictors of academic engagement, highlighting the importance of supportive institutional environments. Findings suggest that ATs serve not only as access tools but also as facilitators of meaningful learning, autonomy, and social participation. The study underscores the need for strategic integration of ATs, teacher professional development, and institutional support to foster equitable and effective inclusive education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Anurag Singh, Nancy Verma, Ravindra Kumar Kushwaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Human Resource Readiness in Technology-Based Defense Management
The increasing adoption of digital technologies in defense organizations has fundamentally transformed defense management practices and operational models. However, the effectiveness of technology-based defense management depends not only on advanced systems but also on the readiness of human resources to operate, adapt, and sustain these technologies. This study analyzes human resource readiness within technology-based defense management by examining key dimensions such as digital competence, adaptive capability, and organizational support. Using a qualitative literature-based analytical approach, this paper synthesizes recent scholarly findings to develop a conceptual framework for assessing readiness in defense institutions. The findings indicate that insufficient human resource readiness can undermine digital transformation initiatives despite substantial technological investment. This study contributes to defense management literature by highlighting the strategic role of human capital in ensuring successful technology integration and organizational resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ariobimo, Ari Pitoyo Sumarno, Susilo Adi Purwantoro, Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Patterns of Social Adjustment in Hearing-Impaired Children at the Early Childhood Stage
Early childhood is a critical period for the development of social and emotional competencies that underpin later academic success and psychological well-being. Children with hearing impairment often encounter significant communication barriers that may hinder peer interaction, emotional regulation, and overall social adjustment. The present study examined the patterns of social adjustment among hearing-impaired children aged 4–6 years and compared outcomes across inclusive and special early childhood settings. A descriptive survey design was employed with a sample of 60 children. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation. Findings revealed that children enrolled in inclusive preschools demonstrated significantly higher social adjustment scores than those in special schools (t = 4.21, p < .05). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.62) was observed between communication competence and social adjustment, indicating that improved expressive and receptive skills enhance peer participation and social confidence. No significant gender differences were found. The study highlights the importance of early intervention, communication development, and inclusive pedagogical practices in promoting positive psychosocial outcomes among hearing-impaired children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abhiram Kushawaha, Bushra Alvera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring the Impact of Education and Awareness on Job Satisfaction among Teacher Trainers
The study investigates the function of education and awareness programs in enhancing job satisfaction among teacher trainers in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The objectives of the research were to explore how professional development initiatives and supportive institutional factors contribute to teacher trainers' job satisfaction. An illustration of 106 teacher trainers participated in the research, information gathered by structured questionnaires. The results show that education and awareness programs, including stress management and professional growth opportunities, significantly enhance job satisfaction by improving self-efficacy and reducing job-related stress. Furthermore, institutional support such as recognition, manageable workloads, and a collaborative work setting was discovered to have a strong positive impact on job satisfaction, confirming the theory that these elements are key drivers in improving the satisfaction and keeping of teacher trainers. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a substantial relationship between job satisfaction and recognition (r = 0.81), in addition to between education programs and contentment at work (r = 0.72). The study comes to the conclusion that investing in continuous professional development and establishing a helpful workplace are crucial. Strategies for enhancing teacher trainers' contentment at work and overall performance. Educational institutions should prioritize these factors to improve trainer retention and promote a positive organizational culture. The findings underscore the requirement for laws that uphold the personal and professional well-being of teacher trainers to foster a motivated and effective workforce.